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'''የፕላቶ ሪፐብሊክ''' በፈላስፋው [[ፕላቶ]] ፣ በ390 [[ዓ.ዓ.]] የተጻፈ የፍልስፍና መጽሐፍ ሲሆን የሚያተኩረውም የ[[ፍትሕ]]ን ጽንሰ ሐሳብ በመተርጎምና የ [[ፍትሐዊ አገር]] እና ፍትሐዊ ሰው ባህሪዮች ምን ይመስላሉ የሚለውን ጥያቄ በመመለስ ነው።
The Republic (Greek: Πολιτεία, Politeia) is a Socratic dialogue written by Plato around 380 BC concerning the definition of justice and the order and character of the just city-state and the just man.[1] The dramatic date of the dialogue has been much debated and though it must take place some time during the Peloponnesian War, "there would be jarring anachronisms if any of the candidate specific dates between 432 and 404 were assigned".[2] It is Plato’s best-known work and has proven to be one of the most intellectually and historically influential works of philosophy and political theory.[3][4] In it, Socrates along with various Athenians and foreigners discuss the meaning of justice and examine whether or not the just man is happier than the unjust man by considering a series of different cities coming into existence "in speech", culminating in a city ruled by philosopher-kings; and by examining the nature of existing regimes. The participants also discuss the theory of forms, the immortality of the soul, and the roles of the philosopher and of poetry in society.[5]
በዚህ ታዋቂ መጽሐፍ ውስጥ ፕላቶ ሁለት ጥያቄዎችን ያነሳል፣ እነርሱም «ሰዎች ለምን [[ሰናይ]] (ጥሩ) ነገር መስራት አለባቸው?» የሚልና « ሰዎች [[ዕኩይ]] (መጥፎ) ነገርን ቢሰሩ ሽልማት ያገኙበታል ወይ?» የሚሉ ናቸው። ፕላቶ ሲመልስ፣ ሰዎች መጥፎ ነገርን መስራት የለባቸውም ምክንያቱም መጥፎ ነገር በሰሩ ቁጥር [[ደስታ|ደስተኛ]] የመሆናቼው መጠን ይቀንሳል። በተቃራኒው ጥሩ የሚሰሩ ሰዎች ደስተኛ ይሆናሉ።
በተመሳሳይ ሁኔታ፣ ዕኩይ ሰዎች የአንድ ማህብረሰብ ባለስልጣኖች በሆኑ ጊዜ ያ ህብረተሰብ ደስተኛ እንዳይሆን ያደርጋል። በፕላቶ አስተያየት፣ በአንድ ህብረተሰብ ውስጥ ሰናይ ምግባርን ሊከውኑ የሚችሉ ፈላስፎች ናቸው። ስለሆነም ደስተኛ ለመሆን ይሚፈልግ ህብረተሰብ ባለስልጣኖቹ ፈላስፎች መሆን አለባቸው ይላል። ፈላስፋ ያልሆኑ የህብረተሰብ ክፍሎች፣ ደስተኛ ለመሆን ሲሉ፣ በፈቃዳቸው ለፈላስፎች መገዛት አለባቸው። ሆኖም፣ ፈላስፋ ነገሥታቱ፣ በዕኩይ ተግባር ላይ እንዳይሰማሩ፣ ሃብት ከማካበት እና በፍቅር ውስጥ ከመጠመድ እንዲርቁ የፕላቶ ሪፐብሊክ ይመክራል።
Bertrand Russell
In the History of Western Philosophy (1945), Bertrand Russell identifies three parts to the Republic:[6]
መጽሐፉ የተለያዩ የመንግስት አይነቶችን በ[[ዲያሌክቲክ]] በማዎዳደር ከሁሉ የበለጠውን (የተሻለውን) የመንግስት አይነት ለማዎቅ ይሞክር እንጂ በውስጡ እጅግ ሰፊ የሆኑ መሰረታዊ የ[[ሥነ ምግባር]] ጥያቄዎችንና ሌሎች የ[[ፍልስፍና]] ጥያቄዎችን በማንሳት ይታዎቃል።
Books I–V: the eutopia portraying the ideal community and the education of the Guardians, parting from attempting to define justice;
Books VI–VII: define “philosopher”, since philosophers are the ideal rulers of such a community;
{{መዋቅር}}
Books VIII–X: discuss the pros and cons of various practical forms of government.
The core of the second part is discussed in the Allegory of the Cave, and articles related to the Theory of (ideal) forms. The third part concerns the Five regimes and is strongly related to The Laws dialogue; and the Myth of Er.
[edit]Cornford, Hildebrandt and Voegelin subdivisions
[[መደብ: ፍልስፍና]]
Francis Cornford, Kurt Hildebrandt, and Eric Voegelin contributed to an establishment of sub-divisions marked with special formulae in Greek:
[[መደብ: ፕላቶ]]
Prologue
I.1. 327a—328b. Descent to the Piraeus
I.2—I.5. 328b—331d. Cephalus. Justice of the Older Generation
I.6—1.9. 331e—336a. Polemarchus. Justice of the Middle Generation
[[ar:جمهورية (كتاب)]]
I.10—1.24. 336b—354c. Thrasymachus. Justice of the Sophist
[[ba:Дәүләт (Платон)]]
Introduction
[[bg:Държавата (Платон)]]
II.1—II.10. 357a—369b. The Question: Is Justice better than Injustice?
[[bn:রিপাবলিক]]
Part I: Genesis and Order of the Polis
[[bs:Država (Platon)]]
II.11—II.16. 369b—376e. Genesis of the Polis
[[ca:La República]]
II.16—III.18. 376e—412b. Education of the Guardians
[[cs:Ústava (Platón)]]
III.19—IV.5. 412b—427c. Constitution of the Polis
[[cy:Y Wladwriaeth]]
IV.6—IV.19. 427c—445e. Justice in the Polis
[[da:Staten (Platon)]]
Part II: Embodiment of the Idea
[[de:Politeia]]
V.1—V.16. 449a—471c. Somatic Unit of Polis and Hellenes
[[el:Πολιτεία του Πλάτωνα]]
V.17—VI.14. 471c—502c. Rule of the Philosophers
[[en:The Republic (Plato)]]
VI.19—VII.5. 502c—521c. The Idea of the Agathon
[[es:La República]]
VII.6—VII.18. 521c—541b. Education of the Philosophers
[[et:Politeia]]
Part III: Decline of the Polis
[[eu:Errepublika (Platon)]]
VIII.1—VIII.5. 543a—550c. Timocracy
[[fa:جمهور (افلاطون)]]
VIII.6—VIII.9. 550c—555b. Oligarchy
[[fi:Valtio (Platon)]]
VIII.10—VIII.13. 555b—562a. Democracy
[[fr:La République]]
VIII.14—IX.3. 562a—576b. Tyranny
[[ga:An Phoblacht (dialóg)]]
Conclusion
[[gl:A República]]
IX.4—IX.13. 576b—592b Answer: Justice is Better than Injustice.
[[he:המדינה (דיאלוג אפלטוני)]]
Epilogue
[[hi:रिपब्लिक (प्लेटो)]]
X.1—X.8. 595a—608b. Rejection of Mimetic Art
[[hr:Država (Platon)]]
X.9—X.11. 608c—612a. Immortality of the Soul
[[hu:Állam (dialógus)]]
X.12. 612a—613e. Rewards of Justice in Life
[[id:Republik (Plato)]]
X.13—X.16. 613e—621d. Judgment of the Dead
[[is:Ríkið (Platon)]]
[[it:La Repubblica (dialogo)]]
[[ja:国家 (対話篇)]]
[[ka:რესპუბლიკა (პლატონი)]]
[[ko:국가 (플라톤)]]
[[la:Res publica (Plato)]]
[[mk:Држава (Платон)]]
[[new:रिपब्लिक (प्लेटो)]]
[[nl:Staat (Plato)]]
[[no:Staten (dialog)]]
[[oc:La Republica]]
[[pl:Państwo (dialog)]]
[[ps:اپلاتون او دولت]]
[[pt:A República]]
[[ro:Republica (Platon)]]
[[ru:Государство (Платон)]]
[[scn:La Ripùbblica]]
[[sh:Država (Platon)]]
[[simple:The Republic]]
[[sk:Štát (dialóg)]]
[[sl:Država (Platon)]]
[[sr:Platonova Država]]
[[sv:Staten (Platon)]]
[[th:อุตมรัฐ]]
[[tr:Devlet (kitap)]]
[[uk:Держава (Платон)]]
[[vi:Cộng hòa (Plato)]]
[[zh:理想国]]
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